The Consumer Uses of Silicon Tetraiiodide CAS: 13465-84-4

Silicon Tetraiiodide - CAS NO: 13465-84-4 is the chemical compound with the formula SiI4. It has been of interest in the manufacture and etching of silicon in microelectronics. The compound is stable to strong heating and can be stored at room temperature for long periods but must be kept dry as it reacts quickly with water and also reacts slowly with moisture in the air. It can be made on a large scale by reaction of silicon or silicon carbide with iodine on heating to about 200 °C. It is also utilized in the production of numerous consumer products such as: adhesives and sealants, fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere, paints and coatings, personal care products, used as reactant/raw material in the polysilicon manufacturing process, and water treatment products. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

source https://www.citychemical.com/silicon-iodide-powder-or-granular-form-sil4.html

The Chemical Reaction of Acetone with Sodium Bisulfite CAS: 540-92-1

Acetone Sodium Bisulfite - CAS: 540-92-1 is an addition reaction between Acetone and Sodium Bisulfite. When acetone is added to the saturated sodium bisulfite solution, both of them undergo an addition reaction to form a white addition product that is insoluble in a saturated sodium bisulfite solution. It is a white crystalline powder, readily soluble in water, sparingly in alcohol. ASB is an organic intermediate used in organic synthesis, in the pharmaceutical, photographic and textiles industries. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

source https://www.citychemical.com/acetone-sodium-bisulfite.html

Different Uses of Ammonium Carbamate - CAS NO: 1111-78-0

Ammonium carbamate (CAS: 1111-78-0) is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4[H2NCO2]. This salt is formed by the reaction of ammonia with carbon dioxide, and is a white solid that is extremely soluble in water, less so in alcohol. It is unusual in that it will degrade at room temperature. Ammonium carbamate is used in the production of fertilizers by acting as an ammoniating agent. It plays a crucial role in the development of carbamoyl phosphate, which is fundamental for pyrimidines and urea cycle production. It is also used in electronics and monitoring devices as well as in the preparation of trimethylsilyl carbamate. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

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Chemical Properties of Tantalum Ethoxide - Cas: 6074-84-6

Tantalum(V) ethoxide (Cas: 6074-84-6) is a metalorganic compound with formula Ta2(OC2H5)10, often abbreviated as Ta2(OEt)10. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in some organic solvents but hydrolyzes readily. It is used in semiconductor coatings, oxide films, and thin film optical applications. The Tantalum ethoxide precursor is used to deposit ultra-thin films of Tantalum oxide and other tantalum containing films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

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Chemical Properties and Uses of Dibutyltin Sulfide Cass: 4253-22-9

Dibutyltin Sulfide Cass: 4253-22-9 is a sulfide that can be used as a catalytic agent in some polymerization reaction. Dibutyltin sulfide is a catalyst used in polyurethane systems. The high activity properties enable greater hydrolytic stability. It has better catalytic activity and water-tolerant stability than DBTDL in waterborne polyurethane pre-polymerization system and can decrease the pre-polymerization time. It can also catalyze the ring-expansion polymerization of mesolactide. In vinyl resins, DBTS is also an antioxidant and stabilizer. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

source https://www.citychemical.com/dibutyltin-sulfide.html

The History and Uses of Germanium Disulfide (CAS NO: 12025-34-2)

Germanium disulfide or Germanium(IV) sulfide CAS NO: 12025-34-2 is the inorganic compound with the formula GeS2. It is a white high-melting crystalline solid which was the first germanium compound found by Clemens Winkler, during the analysis of argyrodite. The fact that germanium sulfide does not dissolve in aqueous acid made it possible for Winkler to isolate the new element. It is used in transistors and diodes, and infrared transmitting glass applications. Recently GeS2 has found application in fiber and photo optics. Germanium sulfide based glass films have been deposited by spin-coating onto single crystal silicon wafers and silica glass disks. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

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The Various Applications of Silver Lactate - CAS: 128-00-7

Silver lactate (CAS NO: 128-00-7) is the silver salt of lactate often used as antimicrobial agent. This is due to the effect of silver ion in killing bacteria via inhibiting respiratory pathway, impairing essential enzymes, destroying the cell wall, obstructing metabolic activity and/or cause DNA stress. It's used in applications that treat thermal burns in the form of a cream. Study has also found that it can decrease superoxide anion formation and chemotaxis in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Silver lactate staining can also be applied to the von Kossa reactions for calcium deposits to increase sensitivity and reduce background. Click here to learn more about City Chemical LLC.

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The Importance of Silver Oxalate in Petrology (CAS NO: 533-51-7)

Silver oxalate (Formula Ag2C2O4 & CAS: 533-51-7) is produced by the reaction between silver nitrate and oxalic acid. It is currently being used as a precursor for Silver nanoparticles. Silver Nanoparticles can be used in first aid bandages, textiles, coatings, plastics, soaps and skin care products. It is frequently used in experimental petrology to add carbon dioxide (CO2) to experiments as it will break down to silver (Ag) and carbon dioxide under geologic conditions. Silver Oxalate is often used as a laboratory reagent and can be explosive if heated to 140 degrees Celsius. May also be shock or friction sensitive but can be safely handled if wetted. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

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A Few Applications of Silicon Tetrabromide

Silicon Tetrabromide is an inorganic compound with the formula SiBr4. It is a colorless liquid that turns yellow in air and has a disagreeable odor. SiBr4 is moisture sensitive, produced and packaged under Argon. Due to its close resemblance to silicon tetrachloride, there are few applications unique to SiBr4. It is used to grow thin films of silicon by the chemical vapor deposition method. Pyrolysis of Silicon Tetrabromide followed by treatment with ammonia yields silicon nitride coatings, a hard compound used for ceramics, sealants and the production of many cutting tools. SiBr4 is also used in the manufacturing of semiconductor chips. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

source https://www.citychemical.com/silicon-tetrabromide-sibr4.html

The Various Uses of Hexachlorodisilane

Hexachlorodisilane is an inorganic compound, a colorless liquid that fumes in moist air, which is produced in the chlorination of silicides. It has a chemical formula of Si2Cl6 and has specialty applications in as a reagent and as a volatile precursor to silicon metal. HCDS is used to grow thin films of Si, SiO2, SiC, Si3N4 by chemical vapor deposition. The advantage to using HCDS is that it can be used at low temperatures; powerful deoxygenating agent; reducing agent; fiber optics, solar energy products; aiding ALD process. It is mainly used in semiconductor and solar manufacturing industries. Hexachlorodisilane is also used to produce amorphous silicon thin films and can be utilized as a chemical diffusion barrier to create gate spacers for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. Occasionally, it used in the pharmaceutical industry for the reduction of phosphine oxides. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

source https://www.citychemical.com/hexachlorodisilane.html

The Salts of Zinc Salicylate

The salts of zinc and salicylic acid are considered to be a combination of divalent zinc with salicylic acid. Thus, normally zinc salicylate may be considered a combination of 1 atom of 'zinc (Zn) with two mols of salicylate (CsHlOHCOO) to form a compound represented as Zn(CsH4OlICOO) z. This compound may also be considered from an analytical standpoint as consisting of 1 mol of zinc oxide in combination with 1 mol of salicylic anhydride as ZIlOCmHiuOs, the same proportions of the elements being present in each case. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

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What Are Chemical Bonds and Why Do They Form?

Attraction between atoms or ions leads to a chemical bond. According to the types of bonds contained in a molecule, the physical properties including melting point, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity and solubility are determined. Chemical bonds involve only the outermost or valence electrons of atoms. Using the example of the simplest element, hydrogen, its two atoms on approaching each other, cause electon-electron and proton-proton repulsions to attempt separation of the atoms. But counterbalance by proton-electron attraction fuses the two hydrogen atoms forming a bond. This example demonstrates the gain, loss and sharing of electrons by atoms for possession of the same number of electrons as the noble gas in closest proximity on the periodic table. With eight valence electrons (s2p6), all noble gases are chemically stable in a phenomenon called the octet rule. But certain exceptions are possible. Among them, one group of atoms has less than eight electrons like hydrogen with only one. BeH2 has just four valence electrons around Be, with Beryllium contributing two electrons and each hydrogen with one. The second exception applies in elements in periods 4 and above. Their atoms can have over four surrounding valence pairs in certain compounds. Types of Chemical Bonds Familiarity with three types of chemical bonds is required for the SAT II Chemistry exam, ionic bonds, covalent bonds and metallic bonds. Ionic Bonds An electrostatic attraction between ions with opposite charges, cations and anions causes ionic bonds. They usually involve metals and nonmetals as elements active in ionic bonds are mostly from opposite ends of the periodic table with an electronegativity difference exceeding 1.67. Being very strong, ionic bonds in compounds increase melting points and take a solid form in normal conditions. Finally, an electron in an ionic bond is transferred from the less electronegative atom to the more electronegative element. A prime example of an ionic bond-content molecule is NaCl or table salt. Covalent Bonds Atoms may share electrons instead of transferring them from atom to atom, resulting in covalent bonds. But the sharing is rarely ever equal due to the difference in electronegativity value of each atom. The only exception is the bond between two atoms of the same element. Covalent bonds are said to be non-polar when the difference in electronegativity of two atoms ranges from 0 to 0.4. Polar refers to electronegativity difference between 0.4 and 1.67. For both non-polar and polar covalent bonds, higher electronegativity in an element results in stronger attraction of the electron pair. Carbon dioxide, CO2 molecules have two bonds which are covalent bonds. It is possible for covalent bonds to be single, double or triple. A single bond occurs when only one pair of electrons is shared. This single bond is a sigma bond with the electron density being most pronounced along the line joining the two atoms. Metallic Bonds Metallic bonds are exclusive to metals alone, including aluminium, gold, copper and iron. Each atom in a metal shares a bond with a number of other metal atoms, thereby allowing their electrons unrestricted movement within the metal structure. It is this specific phenomenon that is behind the properties of metals being unique, an example being their high conductivity. That basically sums up the essence of chemical bonds, the differences in various types and the reasons for molecular structures being formed. Learn more about City Chemical LLC.

source https://www.citychemical.com/blog/what-are-chemical-bonds-and-why-do-they-form.html

What Are Chemical Bonds and Why Do They Form?

Attraction between atoms or ions leads to a chemical bond. According to the types of bonds contained in a molecule, the physical properties including melting point, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity and solubility are determined. Chemical bonds involve only the outermost or valence electrons of atoms. Using the example of the simplest element, hydrogen, its two atoms on approaching each other, cause electon-electron and proton-proton repulsions to attempt separation of the atoms. But counterbalance by proton-electron attraction fuses the two hydrogen atoms forming a bond.

This example demonstrates the gain, loss and sharing of electrons by atoms for possession of the same number of electrons as the noble gas in closest proximity on the periodic table. With eight valence electrons (s2p6), all noble gases are chemically stable in a phenomenon called the octet rule. But certain exceptions are possible. Among them, one group of atoms has less than eight electrons like hydrogen with only one. BeH2 has just four valence electrons around Be, with Beryllium contributing two electrons and each hydrogen with one. The second exception applies in elements in periods 4 and above. Their atoms can have over four surrounding valence pairs in certain compounds.

Types of Chemical Bonds

Familiarity with three types of chemical bonds is required for the SAT II Chemistry exam, ionic bonds, covalent bonds and metallic bonds.

Ionic Bonds

An electrostatic attraction between ions with opposite charges, cations and anions causes ionic bonds. They usually involve metals and nonmetals as elements active in ionic bonds are mostly from opposite ends of the periodic table with an electronegativity difference exceeding 1.67. Being very strong, ionic bonds in compounds increase melting points and take a solid form in normal conditions. Finally, an electron in an ionic bond is transferred from the less electronegative atom to the more electronegative element. A prime example of an ionic bond-content molecule is NaCl or table salt.

Covalent Bonds

Atoms may share electrons instead of transferring them from atom to atom, resulting in covalent bonds. But the sharing is rarely ever equal due to the difference in electronegativity value of each atom. The only exception is the bond between two atoms of the same element. Covalent bonds are said to be non-polar when the difference in electronegativity of two atoms ranges from 0 to 0.4. Polar refers to electronegativity difference between 0.4 and 1.67. For both non-polar and polar covalent bonds, higher electronegativity in an element results in stronger attraction of the electron pair. Carbon dioxide, CO2 molecules have two bonds which are covalent bonds. It is possible for covalent bonds to be single, double or triple. A single bond occurs when only one pair of electrons is shared. This single bond is a sigma bond with the electron density being most pronounced along the line joining the two atoms.

Metallic Bonds

Metallic bonds are exclusive to metals alone, including aluminium, gold, copper and iron. Each atom in a metal shares a bond with a number of other metal atoms, thereby allowing their electrons unrestricted movement within the metal structure. It is this specific phenomenon that is behind the properties of metals being unique, an example being their high conductivity.

That basically sums up the essence of chemical bonds, the differences in various types and the reasons for molecular structures being formed. Click through to City Chemical LLC. full blog.